Background
Craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO) is found in Cairn terriers, Scottish terriers and West Highland White terriers and rarely in other breeds of dogs. The disease affects form and function of bones of the skull (tympanic bullae) and jaw (mandible). It is usually recognized at an age from 4 to 7 months when problems with chewing and eating occur. The jaw is bilaterally thickened and several bones become so large and tender that the mouth cannot be fully opened. A causal CMO mutation was identified which showed an autosomal dominant
Inheritance
with incomplete penetrance. In the initial study, more than 57% of homozygous mutant dogs were affected with CMO. Homozygous mutant dogs therefore are classified as having a high risk to develop CMO. Dogs heterozygous for the mutation might also develop clinical signs; they are classified at low risk.
Test specific information
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Age
Symptoms will develop at a young age. Within a few hours to a maximum of several weeks after birth, the characteristics that go with these genetic effects will become visible.
Throughput
Normally the result can be expected within 15 working days. This turn-around-time starts when both the sample and the fully filled-out and signed submission form have been received.
Location of disease or trait
This disease is present in the entire body, but causes main effects in the internal organs such as stomach, intestinal tract, liver and / or kidneys. In a number of cases, the disease affects one major internal organ.
Breed dependence
This DNA test is available for the following breeds: Cairn Terrier, Scottish Terrier.
Sample type
For this DNA test we accept the following materials: Blood EDTA, Blood Heparin, Semen, Swab, Tissue.
Result
An animal can be free and has in that situation two healthy alleles. When used in breeding this animal will not become ill due to the disease. It cannot spread the disease in the population. An animal can be carrier and has in that situation one healthy and one disease allele. When used in breeding 50 percent of the offspring will receive the disease allele. Carriers will also become ill. An animal can be affected and has in that situation two disease alleles. When used in breeding all offspring will also receive the disease allele. Affected will also become ill.
Inheritance
This genetic factor is inherited in an autosomal, dominant, mode. This means, that the individual can be free of the mutation (homozygote normal), affected (homozygous affected) or carrier (heterozygous affected). Both carriers and affected individuals will show symptoms of the mutation.
Severity of Disease
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